Ukraine and China

Tensions in Ukraine flared up again this week, causing investors to shift assets from stocks to the relative safety of bonds. Weaker than expected economic data in China also favored bonds over stocks, while the US economic data was roughly neutral. As a result, mortgage rates ended the week lower.

The most significant US economic report released this week, Retail Sales, contained some good news and some bad news. On the positive side, the results for February were stronger than expected. Unfortunately, the figures for January were revised lower. Overall, this left the data over the two-month period a little weaker than expected. Given the offsetting effects of the solid headline number and the downward revisions, combined with weather related distortions, the report caused no change in the economic outlook and had little impact on mortgage rates.

There was a lot of talk in the mortgage industry this week about a proposal out of the Senate Banking Committee that would replace Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Together Fannie and Freddie purchase or insure the majority of fixed-rate mortgages, so any changes to their structure would have enormous implications for mortgage lending. In the proposal, a new government entity would take over many of the functions of Fannie and Freddie, while some of the default risk would be shifted to private insurers. Both political parties support a reduction in the risk to taxpayers, but beyond that opinions vary widely about the appropriate role of government in the housing market. As a result, this proposal is viewed as a starting point for a long political debate, and the implementation of major reform of Fannie and Freddie is projected by most experts to be many years away.

Strong Demand for US Bonds

The economic data released this week contained mixed results and had little impact on mortgage rates. Strong demand for US fixed income securities was the main influence this week, helping mortgage rates end the week a little lower.

There were strong indications this week that foreign investors, most likely in Japan and China, increased their purchases of US bonds, including mortgage-backed securities (MBS). The currencies of Japan and China have weakened recently versus the dollar, and the economic policies currently in place in both countries have caused investors to expect their currencies to weaken further. This makes US bonds more attractive to investors in those countries as the investor not only receives interest on the investment, but also expects appreciation in the value of the investment.

After a couple of months of weaker readings, the New Home Sales report released this week was a pleasant surprise. January New Home Sales jumped 10% from December to an annual rate of 468K units, far above the consensus of 400K. This was the highest level since July 2008. Also released this week, January Pending Home Sales posted a slight increase.

Chinese Manufacturing Slows

The driving force for mortgage rates this week came from an unexpected source. Chinese manufacturing data fell short of expectations, causing sharp losses in global stock markets. Investors shifted to relatively safer assets, helping mortgage rates end the week lower.

On Thursday, China's PMI manufacturing index dropped to 49.6, below the consensus of 50.3. Readings below 50.0 indicate a contraction in the sector. China has been an important engine of growth for the world economy, so a slowdown would have significant implications for global markets. In fact, the news from China completely overwhelmed the strong results in Europe, which showed that manufacturing in the euro zone reached the highest level since the summer of 2011. The Chinese data caused concerns about the pace of global economic growth, and investors sold stocks. This resulted in an increase in demand for bonds, including mortgage-backed securities (MBS).

This week's Existing Home Sales data showed that, despite a slowdown in the fourth quarter, 2013 reflected a year of solid gains. Over five million existing homes were sold in 2013, an increase of 9% from 2012, and the highest level since 2006. While the gains may be more modest, most analysts expect the improvement to continue in 2014 as well. The National Association of Realtors (NAR) projects a very small increase in home sales next year, but both Freddie Mac and the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) forecast home sales to increase about 5% in 2014.

Inflation Remains Tame

Mortgage rates began the week with downward momentum following last Friday's big miss on the Employment report. That, combined with low inflation, more than offset this week's slightly stronger than expected economic growth data, and mortgage rates ended the week a little lower.

With the Fed's recent decision to reduce its bond purchases, investors were left evaluating what they believed to be the appropriate level of mortgage rates for the current economic environment. In short, moderate economic growth and low inflation represent relatively favorable conditions for mortgage rates. This week, the December Retail Sales report revealed gains consistent with moderate growth. Since Retail Sales account for about 70% of economic activity, investors pay close attention to this data. Two of the more significant monthly inflation reports also were released this week, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Producer Price Index (PPI), and both confirmed that inflation remains tame. Core CPI was just 1.7% higher than one year ago, well below the Fed's target level of 2.0%, while Core PPI was even lower at 1.4% on an annual basis.

JOLTS, another report released this week, is quickly gaining prominence with investors because it is considered to be a favorite of incoming Fed Chair Janet Yellen. The JOLTS survey measures Job Openings and Labor Turnover levels, providing another level of insight into labor market conditions. Since the Unemployment Rate has been heavily influenced recently by people leaving the labor force rather than by job gains, investors and Fed officials are eager for additional details to judge the strength of the labor market. The November JOLTS data showed that Job Openings unexpectedly rose to the highest level since March 2008. The percentage of people quitting their jobs was nearly unchanged.

Job Gains Fall Short

Investors were focused on the strength of the labor market this week. A strong reading for job gains in Wednesday's ADP report caused mortgage rates to move a little higher. The ADP data turned out to be a poor indicator for Friday's weaker than expected Employment report, however, and mortgage rates ended the week lower.

Against a consensus forecast of 200K, the economy added just 74K jobs in November. This was the smallest monthly increase in jobs since January 2011. Given that several other labor market indicators showed greater strength in December, many investors were skeptical about how accurately the data reflects the strength of the labor market. For one thing, bad weather likely was a factor in the shortfall, as the construction sector was particularly weak. Upward revisions to the November data also partly offset the December results, leaving average gains of about 160K over the last two months. Bottom line, though, the report fell short of expectations, causing mortgage rates to move lower after the news.

In another twist, the Unemployment Rate unexpectedly declined from 7.0% to 6.7%, the lowest level since October 2008. Looking below the surface, reported job gains accounted for just 0.1% of the decline, while a large group of people leaving the labor force was responsible for the remaining 0.2% decline. While the headline Employment report is based on data collected from just large employers, the Unemployment Rate is derived from a separate survey of individual households. According to this survey, there were job gains of about 150K in December, while roughly 350K people were no longer seeking work and thus were removed from the labor force. Since the Unemployment Rate is simply the number people in the labor force seeking work divided by the total labor force, it counts equally whether a person stops seeking work by finding a job, giving up on the job search, or retiring.

Favorable re-pricing took place this morning in the mortgage rate department

This morning, Janet Yellen testified at her confirmation hearing to be the next Federal Chief. She expressed strong support for the Fed's bond purchase program, which lifted MBS. Weak results for the 30-year auction caused MBS prices to move lower in the middle of the session, but MBS later climbed back to the highs. Today's economic data had little impact and the Dow is up 50 points. Tomorrow Industrial Production, Empire State, and Import Prices will all be released.

Stay Tuned – you never know which way the rates will go next!

 Michelle Morris
Senior Loan Officer
Michelle@SDFunding.com
Cell: 619-850-3600
Fax: 619-821-8908

San Diego Funding
2468 Historic Decatur Road #160
San Diego, CA 92106
NMLS 264030   CA BRE 01238196

Job Gains Surge

Investors, highly focused on the economic data, had a lot to consider this week. The Economic Calendar was packed, and nearly all the major reports exceeded expectations. Stronger economic growth is negative for mortgage rates, and rates ended the week higher.
A shockingly strong Employment report caused a swift increase in mortgage rates on Friday. Against a consensus forecast of 120K, the economy added 204K jobs in October, and the figures from the prior two months were revised higher by 60K. The Unemployment Rate, however, rose from 7.2% to 7.3%. The increase in the Unemployment Rate was influenced by the government shutdown during the first half of October. The headline figure of 204K jobs is based on a survey which counts furloughed government workers as employed, while the Unemployment Rate is based on a different survey which counts them as unemployed. Before the data, most investors had expected that the Fed would begin to taper its bonds purchases in March or April. If the pace of job creation continues at this level, though, the Fed could begin to scale back sooner.
In similar fashion, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) report, the broadest measure of economic growth, was much better than expected. Third quarter GDP rose to 2.8%, well above the consensus of 2.0%. The reaction in mortgage markets was somewhat limited, though, since the details did not quite indicate the same strength as the headline number. Part of the outperformance was due to an unexpectedly large increase in inventories, which means that some growth was "pulled forward" from the fourth quarter. The extra goods produced during the third quarter which caused inventories to expand will reduce production in the fourth quarter.